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http详解（基于node) ​

http协议历史 ​

HTTP/0.9 – 单行协议 ​

bash
GET /mypage.html

<HTML>
这是一个非常简单的HTML页面
</HTML>

HTTP/1.0 – 构建可扩展性 ​

  • 加了 Method StatusCode headers
bash
GET /mypage.html HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: NCSA_Mosaic/2.0 (Windows 3.1)

200 OK
Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT
Server: CERN/3.0 libwww/2.17
Content-Type: text/html
<HTML>
一个包含图片的页面
  <IMG SRC="/myimg.gif">
</HTML>

HTTP/1.1 – 标准化的协议 ​

  • keep-alive连接复用
  • 缓存机制etag lastModified
  • 内容协商
  • host
  • ...

http/2 ​

  • 二进制协议
  • 多路复用
  • headers压缩
  • 服务器推送

http/3 ​

  • QUIC

http方法 restful ​

http状态吗 ​

content-type ​

跨域 ​

缓存 ​

304

重定向 ​

location + 302

认证 ​

https ​

负载均衡 ​

http method ​

js
let methods = [
  'ACL',         'BIND',       'CHECKOUT',
  'CONNECT',     'COPY',       'DELETE',
  'GET',         'HEAD',       'LINK',
  'LOCK',        'M-SEARCH',   'MERGE',
  'MKACTIVITY',  'MKCALENDAR', 'MKCOL',
  'MOVE',        'NOTIFY',     'OPTIONS',
  'PATCH',       'POST',       'PROPFIND',
  'PROPPATCH',   'PURGE',      'PUT',
  'REBIND',      'REPORT',     'SEARCH',
  'SOURCE',      'SUBSCRIBE',  'TRACE',
  'UNBIND',      'UNLINK',     'UNLOCK',
  'UNSUBSCRIBE'
]

http状态码 ​

js
let HttpStatus =  {
    '100': 'Continue',
    '101': 'Switching Protocols',
    '102': 'Processing',
    '103': 'Early Hints',
    '200': 'OK',
    '201': 'Created',
    '202': 'Accepted',
    '203': 'Non-Authoritative Information',
    '204': 'No Content',
    '205': 'Reset Content',
    '206': 'Partial Content',
    '207': 'Multi-Status',
    '208': 'Already Reported',
    '226': 'IM Used',
    '300': 'Multiple Choices',
    '301': 'Moved Permanently',
    '302': 'Found',
    '303': 'See Other',
    '304': 'Not Modified',
    '305': 'Use Proxy',
    '307': 'Temporary Redirect',
    '308': 'Permanent Redirect',
    '400': 'Bad Request',
    '401': 'Unauthorized',
    '402': 'Payment Required',
    '403': 'Forbidden',
    '404': 'Not Found',
    '405': 'Method Not Allowed',
    '406': 'Not Acceptable',
    '407': 'Proxy Authentication Required',
    '408': 'Request Timeout',
    '409': 'Conflict',
    '410': 'Gone',
    '411': 'Length Required',
    '412': 'Precondition Failed',
    '413': 'Payload Too Large',
    '414': 'URI Too Long',
    '415': 'Unsupported Media Type',
    '416': 'Range Not Satisfiable',
    '417': 'Expectation Failed',
    '418': "I'm a Teapot",
    '421': 'Misdirected Request',
    '422': 'Unprocessable Entity',
    '423': 'Locked',
    '424': 'Failed Dependency',
    '425': 'Too Early',
    '426': 'Upgrade Required',
    '428': 'Precondition Required',
    '429': 'Too Many Requests',
    '431': 'Request Header Fields Too Large',
    '451': 'Unavailable For Legal Reasons',
    '500': 'Internal Server Error',
    '501': 'Not Implemented',
    '502': 'Bad Gateway',
    '503': 'Service Unavailable',
    '504': 'Gateway Timeout',
    '505': 'HTTP Version Not Supported',
    '506': 'Variant Also Negotiates',
    '507': 'Insufficient Storage',
    '508': 'Loop Detected',
    '509': 'Bandwidth Limit Exceeded',
    '510': 'Not Extended',
}

node默认的maxHeaderSize ​

maxHeaderSize=16384

  • 不同语言实现的服务器该值不一样

  • 参考 node

http缓存 ​

强制缓存 from cache

cache control no-cache no-store default

expirse max-age

协商缓存 304

last-modifify if-modified-since

Etag if-none-match

参考 ​

在 GitHub 上编辑此页面